涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈢涓€灞婇櫌澹€変婦鍙互璇存槸榪戜唬涓浗瀛︽湳鐣屾渶閲嶈鐨勪簨浠朵箣涓€銆傞€夊畾涓嶄箙錛屾柊涓浗鎴愮珛錛岄櫌澹€変婦涓殑鍐呭箷椴滀負(fù)浜虹煡銆傛湰鏂囧埄鐢ㄥ彴婀句腑鐮旈櫌鍙茶鎵€鈥滃倕鏂勾妗ｆ鈥濊祫鏂欙紝瀵歸櫌澹殑鎻愬悕榪囩▼銆侀€変婦鎯呭喌璇﹀姞鎶湶銆傞櫌澹€欓€変漢閮芥槸褰撴椂瀛︾晫欏跺皷浜虹墿錛屽嚑杞€欓€夊悕鍗曚笂鐨勫鑰呮洿涓嶄負(fù)浜虹煡錛岀敋鑷寵鎻愬悕鑰呮湰浜轟篃涓嶆浘鐭ユ檽銆傞儹娌嫢鏄湪浠ュ垪甯€呯殑韜喚涓庝細(xì)鐨勫榧愮殑杈╂姢涓嬫墠琚垪鍏ャ€傛湰鏂囨彁渚涗簡(jiǎn)鍏ㄩ儴闄㈠＋鍚嶅崟錛岃繖涔熸槸棣栨鍦ㄥ唴鍦板叕甯冿紝鍙尅姝ｄ竴浜涙祦琛岀殑閿欒錛屽浜?jiǎn)瑙ｄ腑鍥界庮C唬瀛︽湳鍙查鏈夊府鍔┿€?span lang="EN-US">

騫村浗绔嬩腑澶爺絀墮櫌鎴愮珛絎簩鍗佸懆騫寸邯蹇典細(xì)鏆ㄧ涓€嬈￠櫌澹細(xì)璁悎褰?span lang="EN-US">

1948騫存椂澶忛紣鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉鏈晫鐨勫湴浣嶆垨璁鎬笌褰撴椂涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈢涓€灞婇櫌澹殑閫変婦鎵笉涓婂叧緋伙紝浠栧彧鏄腑澶爺絀墮櫌鍘嗗彶璇█鐮旂┒鎵€涓€鍚嶆櫘閫氱殑鍓爺絀跺憳錛屼竴涓伓鐒剁殑鏈虹紭鍗翠嬌浠栦笌絎竴灞婇櫌澹€変婦浜х敓浜?jiǎn)鑱斁p匯€?span lang="EN-US">1947騫村垵澶忥紝瀹屾垚鍖椾含澶у澶嶆牎宸ヤ綔錛屾嫋鐫€鐤叉儷韜函鐨勫巻鍙茶璦€鐮旂┒鎵€鎵€闀垮倕鏂勾鍏堢敓瑕佸幓緹庡浗鍖繪不楂樿鍘嬶紝鍙茶鎵€鐨勬墍鍔″倕鏂勾騫舵病鏈変氦緇欏綋鏃舵墍閲屼竴浜涢噸瑕佷漢鐗╂墦鐞嗭紝鑰屾槸浜ょ粰鏇村勾杞誨茍鍦ㄥ鏈晫宕湶澶磋鐨勮€冨彜瀛﹀澶忛紣浠ｇ悊錛屼互鍌呮柉騫寸簿鏄庤繃浜虹殑璇嗕漢鑳藉姏錛屽緢蹇究璇佹槑榪欐槸涓€涓伆褰撶殑閫夋嫨銆?

1928騫存垚绔嬩互鍚庯紝鍗蟲(chóng)垚涓轟腑鍥藉鏈晫鐨勯噸闀囷紝瀹冪殑闂笘鏄敗鍏冨煿鏈夎鍒掑湴灝嗚タ鏂圭幇浠ｅ鏈埗搴﹀紩鍏ヤ腑鍥界殑閲嶈緇勬垚閮ㄥ垎錛屽叿鏈夊垝鏃朵唬鐨勬剰涔夈€傚畠緗戠綏浜?jiǎn)涓浗瀛︽湳鐣屽ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐨勪紭绉€浜烘墠錛屼綔涓轟竴涓鏈満鍏沖湪涓栫晫瀛︽湳鍙蹭笂鎴栬緗曟湁涓庝箣宕囬珮鍦頒綅鐩稿尮鏁岃€咃紝褰撶劧涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈢殑璁劇疆瀹為檯涓婃湁鑻忎縿鍥藉縐戝闄㈢殑褰卞瓙銆傝搗鍒濅腑澶爺絀墮櫌騫舵棤闄㈠＋錛?span lang="EN-US">Academician錛夛紝楂樹(shù)竴綰х殑闄㈠姟瀛︽湳鏈烘瀯鏄?span lang="EN-US">1935騫存垚绔嬬殑璇勮浼?xì)锛屾?span lang="EN-US">30鍚嶈憲鍚嶅鑰呭綋閫夈€傛姉鏃ユ垬?shù)簤鑳滃埄鍚庡Q屼腑澶爺絀墮櫌澶嶅師鍗椾含錛屽湪瀛︾晫涓婂眰閬傛湁闄㈠＋璁劇疆鐨勯厺閰褲€?

3涓粍榪涜銆傘€婅儭閫傛棩璁般€嬪湪1947騫?span lang="EN-US">3鏈?span lang="EN-US">15鏃ヨ褰曚簡(jiǎn)涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈢涓€嬈″叧浜庨櫌澹晢璁ㄤ細(xì)鐨勬儏鍐點(diǎn)€傚晢璁ㄦ椿鍔ㄥ湪涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈣瘎璁細(xì)鑼冨洿鍐呰繘琛岋紝榪欐椂鐨勮瘎璁細(xì)鏄?span lang="EN-US">1940騫存敼閫夊悗鐨勭浜屽眾銆傝闀挎槸涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈢殑闄㈤暱錛岃瘎璁憳鍒欏垎褰撶劧璇勮鍛樺拰鑱樹(shù)換璇勮鍛橈紝鍓嶈€呬負(fù)涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈢殑涓撳錛屽悗鑰呭垯鑱樹(shù)換鍥藉唴鍚勫ぇ闄㈡牎銆佺鐮旀満鏋勭殑钁楀悕瀛﹁€咃紝褰撶劧涔熷茍涓嶅畬鍏ㄦ寜鐓ц繖涓ら」鍖哄垎銆備漢鏂囧縐戞柟闈㈣瘎璁憳鏈夎儭閫傘€佸倕鏂勾銆侀檲鍨ｃ€佽檔鍏冧換銆佹潕嫻庛€侀檲瀵呮仾絳夈€傚晢璁ㄩ櫌澹€変婦鍔炴硶錛屽厛鐢辮惃鏈爧涓庡倕鏂勾鍚勬彁鍑轟竴涓€変婦鑽夋錛岃惃鏈爧鏄竴浣嶈憲鍚嶇殑鐗╃悊瀛﹀錛屽綋鏃朵換涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈡€誨共浜嬶紝渚濇垜鐨勭悊瑙ｆ槸鐢辨枃縐戜笌鐞嗙鏂歸潰鍚勫啓涓€鏂規(guī)錛屼緵璇勮鍛樹(shù)滑璁ㄨ閫夋嫨銆備簨鎯呰繘灞曞緢蹇紝闅斿ぉ涔嬪悗錛屽張寮€浜?jiǎn)绗簩娆′細(xì)銆備細(xì)璁泦涓璁轟簡(jiǎn)鍌呮柉騫存墍鎷熺殑絎簩鑽夋錛岃儭閫傚鍌呯殑鏂規(guī)璇勪環(huán)鐢氶珮錛屽倕妗堣鐢ㄤ綔璁ㄨ鐨勫熀紜€銆傛垜浠殏鏃舵壘涓嶅埌鍌呮柉騫存嫙鐨勮崏妗堬紝浣嗕互鍚庣殑榪涚▼搴旇鏄寜鐓у倕鏂勾鐨勬€濊礬鏉ヨ繘琛屻€傚叾涓箣涓€鏄敱璇勮鍛樻潵鎻愬嚭鏈縐戦櫌澹€欓€変漢鍚嶅崟錛屽緢蹇儭閫傛嫙瀹氫簡(jiǎn)浜烘枃緇勯櫌澹悕鍗曪細(xì)

17浜猴紝鍌呮柉騫寸殑鍒欐湁21浜恒€傛湁瓚ｇ殑鏄儭閫傚悕鍗曚笂娌℃湁鑷繁錛屽倕鍒欎笉鐒?dòng)灱屾垨鏄窘C轟袱浜虹殑鎬ф牸宸紓銆備袱浠藉悕鍗曚腑閮芥湁鐨勪漢錛氬惔紼氭櫀銆佹潹鏍?wèi)杈俱€佸紶鍏冩祹銆侀檲鍨ｃ€侀檲瀵呮仾銆佸倕鏂勾銆佹潕嫻庛€佽懀浣滃銆侀儹娌嫢銆佹鎬濇垚銆佹堡鐢ㄥ餞銆侀噾宀抽湒銆佽檔鍏冧換銆佹潕鏂規(guī)銆佺綏甯稿煿絳?span lang="EN-US">15浜恒€傚彧鏄湁浜涗漢褰掑睘瀛︾涓嶅悓錛屽惔紼氭櫀錛岃儭閫傚湪鍝插涓紝鍌呭皢鍏舵斁鍦ㄤ腑鍥芥枃瀛︼紱寮犲厓嫻庯紝鍌呭綊鍦ㄤ腑鍥芥枃瀛︼紝鑳￠€傚垯鏀懼湪鍙插銆傝儭閫傚悕鍗曚腑鐨勪腑鍥芥枃瀛︽柟闈㈢殑娌堝吋澹€佸倕澧炴箻錛屽倕鏂勾鍚嶅崟鍒欐棤錛屽倕鍦ㄥ彶瀛︽柟闈㈠鍔犵殑浜烘湁欏鵑鍒氥€佽拫寤烽換銆佷綑鍢夐敗銆佹煶璇掑鏡錛屽摬瀛︽湁鍐弸鍏般€傝儭鍗曚腑娌℃湁鍐弸鍏頒笌鑳″鍐瘎浠蜂笉楂樻湁鍏熾€傝儭銆佸倕鍦ㄥ縐戞柟闈㈢殑鍏磋叮鎴栦粠榪欎喚鍚嶅崟涓婂緱浠ュ嚫鏄俱€傛嫙瀹岄櫌澹€欓€変漢鍚嶅崟鍌呮柉騫磋蕩緹庡氨鍖伙紝鎵€鍔＄敱澶忛紣浠ｇ悊銆傚倕浜?span lang="EN-US">6鏈?span lang="EN-US">14鏃ユ姷杈炬棫閲戝北錛?span lang="EN-US">7鏈?span lang="EN-US">11鏃ュ榧愮粰鍌呮柉騫村啓浜?jiǎn)绗竴灝佹眹鎶ヤ俊錛屼互鍚庡ぇ綰︽瘡鍗婁釜鏈堝乏鍙沖氨鏈変竴灝佷功淇″線鏉ャ€傚嚒娑夊強(qiáng)鎵€鍔′簨鏃犲法緇嗗潎鏈夋秹鍙?qiáng)锛?span lang="EN-US">9鏈?span lang="EN-US">1鏃ュ榧愮粰鍌呮柉騫寸殑淇′腑寮€濮嬫彁鍙?qiáng)闄㈠＋璇勯€夊伐浣滐細(xì)

8鏈?span lang="EN-US">28鏃ユ棩璁頒腑鍐欓亾錛氣€滄棭鏅ㄥ埌鍗椾含鈥濄€?span lang="EN-US">9鏈?span lang="EN-US">5鏃ョ寮€鍗椾含鎶佃揪涓婃搗銆傝儭閫傚湪9鏈?span lang="EN-US">6鏃ヨ創(chuàng)浜?jiǎn)鍓姤锛屽壀鎶ヲq舵棤鎶ュ悕鍙?qiáng)鏃ユ湡锛屽湪鎺ュ彈璁拌€呴噰璁挎椂璋堝埌浜?jiǎn)鍦ㄥ崡浜弬鍔犱腑澶爺绌堕櫌闄㈠＋瀹℃煡鐨勬儏鍐点€傚崥澹粠榪欐鍑哄腑涓爺闄㈤櫌澹€変婦絳瑰浼?xì)璋堣跌P紝浠栬錛氫笅鏈?span lang="EN-US">15鏃ヤ婦琛岀涓€嬈¤瘎璁細(xì)錛屽喅瀹氬€欓€変漢鍚嶅崟錛屽茍浜堝叕鍛婏紝鏄庢槬涓捐絎簩嬈¤瘎璁細(xì)錛岄€変婦80鍒?span lang="EN-US">100浣嶉櫌澹紝浠ュ悗鐢遍櫌澹湰韜瘡騫撮€変婦15浣嶏紝10騫村悗鍥藉灝辨湁200澶氶櫌澹€傚崥澹涓鴻繖鏄浗瀹剁殑澶т簨銆?span lang="EN-US">

10鏈堜腑鏃腑鐮旈櫌璇勮闄㈠啀嬈′婦琛屼簡(jiǎn)闄㈠＋鎻愬悕浼?xì)锛屽榧愯嚧鍌呮柉骞?span lang="EN-US">10鏈?span lang="EN-US">6鏃ヤ俊涓啓閬擄細(xì)璇勮浼?xì)灏嗕簬鏈湀鍗佷簲鏃ュ紑浼?xì)銆傞檲瀵呮仾鍏堢敓宸叉潵鍑藉０鏄庝笉鍑哄腑錛岃儭閫備箣銆侀檲鎻村旱錛堝灒錛変簩鍏堢敓灝嗘潵浜嚭甯紝騫剁殕鎷熶笅姒繪湰鎵€銆傚凡浠ら澶囷紝灝嗘墍闀垮姙鍏鏆傝鎸┖縐葷敤銆?

10鏈?span lang="EN-US">13鏃ヨ儭閫傘€侀檲鍨ｆ姷杈懼崡浜紝緲屾棩鍙茶鎵€涓烘榪庤儭銆侀檲錛屼婦鍔炰簡(jiǎn)涓€涓叏浣撲漢鍛樹(shù)笌浼?xì)鐨勮尪浼?xì)錛岄檲鍨ｅ彂璦€涔嬪悗錛岃儭閫傜敤鈥滃嫟錛岃皚錛屽拰錛岀紦鈥濆洓涓瓧涓洪錛岃浜?jiǎn)娌诲鐨勬栆?guī)硶銆傚榧愪富鎸佺殑榪欎釜鑼朵細(xì)鐩稿綋鎴愬姛錛岃儭閫傜殑鍗拌薄寰堝ソ錛屽湪鏃ヨ涓啓閬擄細(xì)鈥滃彶璇墍涓緢鏈変漢鎵嶃€傚瓱鐪熺‘鏄竴涓ソ瀵煎笀銆傗€濊儭閫傚悓鏃跺甫鏉ュ倕鏂勾灝卞尰鐨勫搱浣?jīng)澶у闄勫睘鍖婚櫌鐧藉埄缃曞Q?span lang="EN-US">Peter Bient Brigham錛夊尰闄㈤櫌闀?span lang="EN-US">Purwell鍗氬＋淇′氦緇欏榧愶紝淇′腑璋堝強(qiáng)鍌呯梾濂借漿錛屽榧愬湪寰佸緱鑳￠€傚悓鎰忓悗錛屽皢榪欏皝淇″湪鍏ㄦ墍鍏竷銆?span lang="EN-US">15鏃ョ敱璇勮浼?xì)錆h鍛樼粍鎴愮殑闄㈠＋閫変婦絳瑰濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)姝ｅ紡寮€浼?xì)锛屼腑澶爺绌堕櫌涓笉鏄瘎璁憳鐨勬墍闀垮垪甯梺鍚紝澶忛紣浠ヤ唬鐞嗗彶璇墍鎵€鍔＄殑璧勬牸涓庝細(xì)銆傝瘎璁憳鍘熸彁鍚?span lang="EN-US">510浜猴紝緇忓垵姝ュ鏌ワ紝鐣欎笅402鍚嶃€傝祫鏍煎鏌ョ殑涓昏渚濇嵁灝辨槸鐪嬫槸鍚﹀湪娌﹂櫡鍖虹殑鎵€璋撲吉澶у絳夋満鏋勬媴浠昏鏀胯亴鍔★紝钁楀悕鍖栧瀹惰檔鎵垮槒銆佽惃鏈搧浜屼漢鍥犳琚垹闄ゃ€傛湁浜鴻涓洪儹娌嫢鍚屾儏鍏變駭鍏氾紝鍏剁姜榪囨洿澶т簬璧點(diǎn)€佽惃涓や漢錛屼篃涓誨紶浜堜互鍒犻櫎銆傚榧愯涓烘浜嬪叧緋婚噸澶э紝涓嶉【鑷繁鍒楀腑鑰呯殑韜喚涓嶈兘鍙傚姞璁ㄨ錛屾瘏鐒惰搗韜負(fù)閮搏鑻ヨ京鎶よ錛氣€?span lang="EN-US">Member of Academia Sinica錛堜腑澶爺絀墮櫌鐨勯櫌澹級(jí)浠ュ鏈箣璐＄尞涓烘爣鍑嗭紝姝ゅ鍙湁鑷粷浜庡浗浜轟箣姹夊ジ錛屽簲鍙栨秷璧勬牸銆傝嚦浜庢斂鍏氬叧緋伙紝涓嶅簲浠ュ弽鏀垮簻鑰屽姞浠ュ垹闄ゃ€傗€濇剰瑙佸垎姝у緢澶э紝

13紲ㄥ8紲紝浠嶅喅瀹氬皢閮皬鍒楀叆鍊欓€変漢鍚嶅崟銆傛湁鐨勫縐戣櫧鏈夊€欓€変漢鎻愬悕錛屼絾澶у瑙夊緱灝氫笉鍏峰闄㈠＋姘村噯錛屾暟鐞嗙粍鍦ㄧ爺絀跺ぉ鏂囧鏂歸潰浜洪€夋椂錛屽悇鏂歸潰璇勮鍛樻彁鍑轟腑鐮旈櫌澶╂枃鎵€涓撲換鐮旂┒鍛樺吋鎵€闀垮紶閽板摬銆佷腑灞卞ぇ瀛︽暀鎺堝紶浜戝強(qiáng)鍦ㄥ姞鎷垮ぇ鐨勫ぉ鏂囧瀹朵綑闈掓澗3浜猴紝緇撴灉鍐沖畾澶╂枃瀛︾┖緙猴紝鏆備笉鎻愬€欓€変漢銆傛病鏈夊叆閫夌殑榪樻湁姘旇薄瀛﹀鍚曠偗銆佷腑鐮旈櫌姘旇薄鎵€鎵€闀胯檔涔?jié)绔犮€佸績(jī)鐞嗗瀹跺攼閽虹瓑銆傚叡鎺ㄥ嚭闄㈠＋鍊欓€変漢150鍚嶏紝鏁扮悊緇?span lang="EN-US">49浜猴紝鐢熺墿緇?span lang="EN-US">46浜猴紝浜烘枃緇?span lang="EN-US">55浜猴紝瀹℃煡灝忕粍姝ｅ紡鍒嗛厤鍚嶉錛屾枃鍙茬害20錛?span lang="EN-US">21浜猴紝紺句細(xì)縐戝綰﹀崰13錛?span lang="EN-US">14浜恒€?

3錛?span lang="EN-US">4鍚嶆寮忓悕棰濅笅鍚岋級(jí)錛氬惔鏁亽銆侀檲鍨ｃ€侀噾宀抽湒銆佹堡鐢ㄥ餞銆佸啹鍙嬪叞銆侀檲搴楓€?span lang="EN-US">

4鍚嶏級(jí)錛氫綑鍢夐敗銆佽儭閫傘€佸紶鍏冩祹銆佹潹鏍?wèi)杈俱€佸垬鏂囧吀銆佸攼鍏般€?span lang="EN-US">

3鍚嶏級(jí)錛氶檲瀵呮仾銆佸倕鏂勾銆侀【棰夊垰銆佸緪鐐蟲(chóng)樁銆佸緪涓垝銆侀檲鍙楅銆佹潕鍓戝啘銆佹煶璇掑鏡銆佽拫寤烽換銆?span lang="EN-US">

3鍚嶏級(jí)錛氳檔鍏冧換銆佹潕鏂規(guī)銆佺綏甯稿煿銆佺帇鍔涖€?span lang="EN-US">

4鍚嶏級(jí)錛氶儹娌嫢銆佹潕嫻庛€佽懀浣滃銆佹鎬濇垚銆佸緪楦垮疂銆?span lang="EN-US">

3錛?span lang="EN-US">4鍚嶏級(jí)錛氱帇瀹犳儬銆佺帇涓栨澃銆佺嚂鏍?wèi)妫犮€侀儹浜戣銆佹潕嫻╁煿銆佸惔緇忕唺銆?span lang="EN-US">

3錛?span lang="EN-US">4鍚嶏級(jí)錛氬懆椴犵敓銆佽惂鍏潈銆侀挶绔崌銆佸紶濂氳嫢錛屽紶蹇犵粋銆?span lang="EN-US">

4鍚嶏級(jí)錛氶┈瀵呭垵銆佸垬澶ч挧銆佷綍搴楓€佹潹绔叚銆侀檲鎬匯€佹柟鏄懼環(huán)銆佸帆瀹濅笁銆佹潹瑗垮瓱銆?span lang="EN-US">

2錛?span lang="EN-US">3鍚嶏級(jí)錛氶檲杈俱€侀櫠瀛熷拰銆佹綐鍏夋棪銆佸噷綰０銆佸惔鏅秴銆?span lang="EN-US">

2錛?span lang="EN-US">3

16鏃ユ櫄榪炲璧跺啓浜烘枃緇勯櫌澹€欓€変漢鈥滃悎鏍間箣鏍規(guī)嵁鈥濓紝涓€鐩存寔緇埌鍑屾櫒4鐐規(guī)墠緇撴潫銆傝瘎璁細(xì)榪炵畫(huà)鍙紑錛岃璁哄崄鍒嗘縺鐑堬紝鏈€鍚庢暡瀹氱殑鍚嶅崟鍦?span lang="EN-US">17鏃ユ櫄7鏃跺叕甯冦€傚€欓€変漢杈冨疄闄呭悕棰濓紝鏂囧彶鏂歸潰鎺ㄥ嚭31浜猴紝瓚呭嚭鍘熼50錛咃紝紺句細(xì)縐戝鏂歸潰鍒欏鍑轟竴鍊嶃€傚榧愮殑浼拌錛?span lang="EN-US">55浜轟腑灝嗘潵鎭愰』鍒犲幓涓€鍗婏紝鐣?span lang="EN-US">25錛?span lang="EN-US">28浜猴紝渚濆姘忔剰瑙佹枃鍙叉柟闈㈠彲鍒犲幓2錛?span lang="EN-US">3錛岀ぞ浼?xì)绉戝鏂归潰鍙?span lang="EN-US">2錛?span lang="EN-US">3錛屽挨鍏舵槸娉曞緥銆佺粡嫻庢柟闈紝铏藉垪鍏ュ緢澶氾紝浣嗗皯鏈夊悎閫備漢閫夈€備笉鑳借澶忛紣鐨勫垽鏂浠ュ悗鐨勯櫌澹‘瀹氫駭鐢熷澶у獎(jiǎng)鍝嶏紝瀹為檯緇撴灉鍗存槸鎸夊姘忕殑棰勬枡鏉ョ殑錛岀粡嫻庡8浣嶅€欓€変漢涓彧鏈夐┈瀵呭垵涓€浜哄綋閫夛紝娉曞鐨?span lang="EN-US">6浣嶅€欓€変漢鍙湁鐜嬪疇鎯犮€佺帇涓栨澃褰撻€夛紝鑰屽悗鑰呮槸鍦ㄥ浜ら儴闀跨殑浣嶄笂銆?

3鏈?span lang="EN-US">25鏃ヨ嚦27鏃ヨ瘎璁細(xì)寮€浼?xì)璁ㄨ闄㈠＋鍊欓€変漢錛岄潪璇勮鍛樹(shù)笉寰椾笌浼?xì)锛屾病鏈夊垪甯汉鍛樺Q屽榧愭病鏈夊弬鍔狅紝緇欏倕淇＄О錛氣€滅敓涓嶆浘鍙傞鐩涗細(xì)錛屾棤娉曟姤鍛娾€濓紝鈥滄墍浠ュ叧浜庤緇嗘儏褰紝瀹屽叏涓嶇煡銆傗€濅細(xì)璁粡榪?span lang="EN-US">5杞姇紲紝絎竴杞姇紲ㄤ粎鎶曞嚭60鍚嶏紝5嬈″悗浜х敓鍑?span lang="EN-US">81鍚嶉櫌澹€傚€欓€変漢涓殑璁稿鍚嶆祦綰風(fēng)悍钀介€夈€備腑澶爺絀墮櫌鎬誨姙浜嬪浜?span lang="EN-US">4鏈堜喚緙栧嵃銆婂浗绔嬩腑澶爺絀墮櫌闄㈠＋鍚嶅綍銆嬶紝鐜版妱褰曚簬涓嬶細(xì)

4鏈?span lang="EN-US">20鏃ヤ俊涓悜鍌呮柉騫磋閬擄細(xì)

1錛夐仐鐝犵敋澶氥€傦紙2錛夊綋閫夎€咃紝涓庝腑澶爺絀墮櫌鍚屼粊鍙?qiáng)鏈夊叧錆h鐗╄繃澶氥€傦紙姝や互鈥滆繎姘存ゼ鍙扳€濅箣鏁咃紝鑷墍涓嶅厤銆傦級(jí)錛?span lang="EN-US">3錛夎€佽緢涓湁璁稿鏃╁凡涓嶅仛鐮旂┒宸ヤ綔錛屼笖騫磋交鏃朵害鏈浘鏈夐噸瑕佽礎(chǔ)鐚箣鐮旂┒宸ヤ綔銆傛墍璋撯€滅瀛︾晫涓殑鏀垮錛屸€濊櫧鏈夐櫌澹祫鏍肩浜岄」鍙█錛屼絾瀚屾墍鍗犳瘮渚嬪お楂橈紝鐒舵絳夎浠佽鏅猴紝鍚勪漢涔嬬湅娉曚笉鍚屼篃銆?

8鏈堝倕鏂勾鍥炲埌鍥藉唴錛屽榧愬皢宸茬粡浠ｇ悊浜?jiǎn)涓€騫村鐨勫崄鍒嗗洶闅劇殑鎵€鍔″嵏涓嬨€?span lang="EN-US">1948騫?span lang="EN-US">9鏈?span lang="EN-US">23錛?span lang="EN-US">24鏃ヤ腑澶爺絀墮櫌絎竴灞婇櫌澹ぇ浼?xì)鍦ㄥ崡浜妇琛屽Q屽悓鏃剁邯蹇典腑澶爺絀墮櫌鎴愮珛20鍛ㄥ勾錛屽悎褰辯収鐗囦腑鍙湁50澶氫漢錛屽鍙楀鏈晫鍏沖績(jī)鐨勯櫌澹€変婦錛屽巻鏃朵竴騫村灝樺焹钀藉畾銆?

1948騫村簳錛屽榧愬啓涓嬨€婁腑澶爺絀墮櫌絎竴灞婇櫌澹殑鍒嗘瀽銆嬶紙浠ヤ笅綆€縐般€婂垎鏋愩€嬶級(jí)銆傘€婂垎鏋愩€嬪畬鍏ㄤ互綰鏈殑瑙掑害鏉ュ垎鏋愬綋閫夐櫌澹儏鍐碉紝澶忛紣浠ヤ粬榪囦漢鐨勬墠鏅猴紝闈犵潃涓€鏈€婇櫌澹悕褰曘€嬭繘琛岀紲瀵嗗垎鏋愪粠鑰屽緱鍑轟竴浜涚患鍚堟€х殑緇撹銆?

46錛?span lang="EN-US">60宀佷負(fù)涓潥鍒嗗瓙錛屽崰80錛呬互涓婏紝灝や互51錛?span lang="EN-US">55宀佽€呭眳澶氾紝鍗?span lang="EN-US">30.9錛呫€傛暟鐞嗙粍鍑犱箮娌℃湁瓚呰繃60宀佽€咃紝鐢熺墿緇勫彧鏈変竴浣嶏紝涓昏鏄敱浜庤嚜鐒剁瀛﹀湪涓浗鍙戣將杈冩櫄鐨勫師鍥犮€備漢鏂囩粍60浠ヤ笂鑰呭垯鏈?span lang="EN-US">8鍚嶄箣澶氾紝鍙鏂囧彶縐戝鏄戶鎵挎竻浠ｆ湸瀛︾殑浼犵粺銆傛暟鐞嗐€佺敓鐗╃粍50宀佷互涓嬫湁11鍚嶏紝浜烘枃緇勫垯鍙湁涓€浜恒€?span lang="EN-US">40宀佷互涓嬬殑3浣嶉兘鍦ㄦ暟瀛﹂棬錛屼粬寮曡堪鏁板鐣屼竴浣嶅墠杈堢殑璇濓紝鏁板鏂歸潰鐨勫ぉ鎵嶆渶瀹規(guī)槗鏄劇幇鍑烘潵錛屽ぉ鎵嶇殑鏁板瀹跺線寰€鍦ㄥ勾闈掔殑鏃跺€欎究宸叉湁杈夌厡鐨勬垚灝便€傞檲鐪佽韓鏈€騫磋交錛屽彧鏈?span lang="EN-US">37宀侊紝璁稿疂铇?span lang="EN-US">38宀侊紝鍗庣綏搴氫篃鍙湁39宀併€?

42錛咃紝鑱旀兂鍒頒竵鏂囨睙瀵逛腑鍥借繎涓栦漢鐗╃粺璁＄粨鏋滀害浠ユ睙銆佹禉涓烘渶鐩涖€傚榧愮殑鍒欎互鍑虹敓鍦頒負(fù)鍑哄彂鐐規(guī)潵璁ㄨ銆傛部嫻峰湴鍖恒€佸お婀栧懆鍥村強(qiáng)涓婃搗銆佸箍宸炪€侀暱娌欍€侀椊渚兘鏄櫌澹泦涓垎甯冨湴鐐廣€?

6浣嶆湭鏇懼埌榪囧鍥芥帴鍙楄タ寮忔暀鑲蹭互澶栵紝鍏朵綑閮芥浘鍑哄浗鐣欏銆?span lang="EN-US">

17銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€17銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€15銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€49

3銆€銆€銆€ 銆€銆€4銆€銆€銆€銆€ 銆€2銆€銆€銆€銆€ 銆€9

3銆€銆€銆€ 銆€銆€1銆€ 銆€銆€銆€銆€2銆€銆€銆€ 銆€銆€6

2銆€銆€銆€銆€ 銆€1銆€ 銆€銆€銆€銆€2銆€銆€銆€銆€ 銆€5

1銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€ 1銆€銆€ 銆€銆€銆€2

1銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€ 銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€1

1銆€銆€銆€銆€ 銆€1銆€銆€銆€ 銆€銆€3銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€ 5

60錛呬互涓婏紝濡傛灉鍔犱笂嬈ф床錛屽垯楂樿揪85錛呬互涓娿€傚榧愭敞鎰忓埌錛屸€滄垜鍥界暀鏃ョ殑瀛︾敓錛屽湪鏁伴噺涓婃亹榪滆秴鐣欑編瀛︾敓錛屼絾鏄湪闄㈠＋鐨勬瘮渚嬪嵈寰堜綆銆傝繖澶ф鐢變簬鐣欐棩鐨勫鍦ㄥ彈榪囧ぇ瀛︽暀鑲插悗渚胯繑鍥斤紝寰堝皯浠嶇暀鏃ユ湰榪涙瘯涓氶櫌鏍¤幏寰楄緝楂樺浣嶃€傗€濈暀瀛︽緹庤€呯粷澶ч儴鍒嗚幏寰楀崥澹浣嶏紝灝戞暟鏈夌澹浣嶃€傚浣嶈櫧騫朵笉瑙佸緱鍜屼竴涓漢灝嗘潵鐨勫鏈垚灝辨湁浠€涔堝繀鐒剁殑鍥犳灉鍏崇郴銆備絾濡傛灉鍦ㄥ甯堢殑鎸囧涓嬶紝鍋氳繃涓€鐣瘮杈冩繁鍏ョ殑鐮旂┒宸ヤ綔錛屽灝戝彲浠ラ鎮(zhèn)熷埌鐮旂┒鐨勬€ц川鍜岄€斿緞錛屽綊鍥藉悗濡傛湁閫傚綋鐨勫鏈幆澧冿紝鍔犱箣涓漢鍔姏錛岃嚜鐒跺鏄撴湁鎵€鎴愬氨銆?

6浣嶆湭鍑哄浗鎺ュ彈瑗垮紡鏁欒偛鐨勪漢涓紝鏈?span lang="EN-US">4浣嶆槸鍓嶆竻縐戜婦鍑?guó)欗n錛屼袱浣嶆槸鍥界珛澶у姣曚笟銆傜暀瀛﹀浗澶栬€呭湪鍑哄浗浠ュ墠錛屽浗鍐呭悇鏍′腑浠ユ竻鍗庢渶澶氾紝鐣欑編瀛﹁€呮亹鎬曟湁涓€澶у崐鏄竻鍗庡嚭韜€傚湪鍚勭粍鍒嗗竷鎯呭艦錛屾竻鍗庤緝涓哄鉤鍧囷紝鍖楀ぇ鍒欏湪浜烘枃緇勪腑瑙佷紭錛屽叾浠栭櫌鏍″垯鍦ㄥ悇緇勪腑鏈変竴銆佷簩鍚嶃€傛濂戒笌闄㈠＋鍦ㄥ浗鍐呭氨璇誨ぇ瀛︽椂鐨勫鍘嗘儏鍐靛ぇ浣撶浉鍛煎簲銆備竴涓鏍＄殑甯堣祫浼樺姡錛屽拰浠栧煿鍏誨嚭鐨勪漢鎵嶏紝鑷劧鏈夌浉褰撳叧鑱斻€?span lang="EN-US">

21浜猴紝鍖椾含澶у10浜猴紝娓呭崕澶у9浜猴紝鎶€鏈満鍏?span lang="EN-US">6浜猴紝鍏朵粬濡備腑澶ぇ瀛︺€佹禉姹熷ぇ瀛︺€佹枃鍖栨満鍏沖強(qiáng)琛屾斂闀垮畼鍚勬湁4鍚嶏紝鍙﹀鐨勬満鏋勩€佸ぇ瀛﹂兘鍦?span lang="EN-US">4鍚嶄互涓嬨€備腑澶爺絀墮櫌绔熷崰26錛咃紝闅炬€悜杈懼厛鐢熷彂琛ㄦ枃绔犳壒璇勮錛氣€滄湰闄㈢殑鎵€闀匡紝澶ч儴鍒嗙殑涓撲換鐮旂┒鍛橈紝鍑犱箮閮芥槸褰撶劧闄㈠＋銆傗€濃€滀護(hù)浜烘湁涓€縐嶈瀛愬嚭浜庣帇瀹樹(shù)箣鎰熴€傗€濆榧愬垯鍙︽湁瑙ｉ噴錛氬鏋滄垜浠亣瀹氫腑鐮旈櫌璁劇珛姣忎竴鎵€鏃訛紝璁ゅ畾榪欓棬瀛︾紜凡浜х敓鏈変笓闀夸簬姝ょ殑鏉冨▉浜虹墿錛屽惁鍒欏畞緙烘瘚婊ワ紱鍙堝鏋滃歡鑱樹(shù)互鎵€闀跨殑紜槸鏈縐戠殑鏉冨▉浜哄＋錛岄偅涔堟墍闀垮綋閫夐櫌澹紝姣嬪畞璁や負(fù)鏄竴縐嶅綋鐒剁粨鏋溿€傝繎70鍚嶄笓浠葷爺絀跺憳?shù)腑浠呮?span lang="EN-US">9浜哄綋閫夛紝浼間箮綆椾笉涓婂ぇ閮ㄥ垎銆傚綋鐒?dòng)灱屼腑澶爺绌堕櫌鐨勬墍闀垮拰涓撲換鐮旂┒鍛橈紝鍥犱負(fù)榪戞按妤煎彴鐨勫叧緋伙紝浠栦滑鐨勫伐浣滃拰璐＄尞錛岃嚜鐒朵負(fù)闄腑鍚屼粊鐔熸?zhèn)夊Q屽姞涓婁漢綾誨埌搴曟槸鎰熸儏鍔ㄧ墿錛屾湞澶曠浉澶勭殑鐔熶漢涔嬮棿澶氬皯鏈夌偣鎰熸儏錛屽悓絳夋垚緇╄€呬篃璁?dāng)R櫌鍐呯殑浜虹◢鍗犱究瀹溿€傛墍浠ュ榧愬緩璁紝濡傞亣鍒版湁鍚岀瓑鎴愮嘩鑰咃紝搴斾紭鍏堟帹閫夐櫌澶栬€咃紝浠ヨ〃紺虹ぜ璨屻€?

1948騫淬€?

1948騫村啲澶╃殑姘戝浗鏀垮簻宸叉槸鎽囨憞嬈插潬錛屼漢蹇?jī)嬲Q鍔ㄣ€侀澹伴工鍞籌紝緗㈡暀銆佺艦璇炬璧峰郊浼忋€傞櫌澹滑澶ч儴鍒嗛兘鏄ぇ瀛︽暀鎺堝拰鐮旂┒鎵€浜哄憳錛屾槸鎰熷彈鐢熸椿鍘嬭揩鏈€閲嶇殑浜猴紝澶忛紣鐥涘績(jī)鐤鵑鍦板啓鍒幫細(xì)铏界劧浠栦滑蹇犱簬鑱屽畧錛屸€滀絾鏄湪濡誨効鍟奸ゥ鍙峰瘨鐨勭幆澧冧笅錛屾暀浜哄浣曡兘鍩嬮鐮旂┒浠ユ眰浜х敓浼熷ぇ鐨勬垚緇╋紵鏁欎漢濡備綍鑳戒笓蹇?jī)鏁欒鍚帢q涗互姹傞€犳垚涓嬩竴浠ｇ殑瀛﹁€咃紵鈥濆榧愭槸鎬€鐫€鏃犻檺鐨勯仐鎲懼拰娣辨繁鐨勫け鏈涚寮€涓ぎ鐮旂┒闄㈠巻鍙茶璦€鐮旂┒鎵€錛岀寮€浜?jiǎn)鍥涢潰妤氭瓕鐨勫崡浜Q屽洖鍒版晠涔℃俯宸烇紝榪欏勾鐨勫啲澶╀竴瀹氬緢鍐楓€?/span>錛堢綏涓幫級(jí)

銆€浣滆€呴檮璁幫細(xì)鏈枃鎵€寮曞榧愯嚧鍌呮柉騫翠俊浠跺潎鍑?guó)檱彴鍖椾腑鐮旈櫌鍙茶鎵€鈥滃倕鏂勾妗ｆ鈥濓紝鏁板勾鍓嶏紝钂欑帇媯厛鐢熷憟絳炬墍鏂規(guī)壒鍑嗭紝鑾峰緱鍙戣〃鏉冿紝鍊熸鐗硅嚧璋㈡剰銆?span lang="EN-US">

杞嚜 涓崕璇諱功鎶?span lang="EN-US"> 2004騫?span lang="EN-US">9鏈?span lang="EN-US">8鏃?span lang="EN-US">