关于清华学堂高等¿U‘开学日的探è®?/h2>

2011-08-02 |

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《关于清华学堂的开学日期》一文在《校友文½E¿èµ„料选编》第14辑刊出后åQŒæ¸…华校史专安™»„延复先生谈到åQŒâ€œæˆ‘惌™¿™ä¸ªé—®é¢˜å¯èƒ½ä¸Žæ‰€è°“中½{‰ç§‘、高½{‰ç§‘分科开学有养I¼Œå?æœ?0日确实ä‹D行了一‹Æ¡å¼€å­¦å…¸½Cû|¼Œä½†é«˜½{‰ç§‘有些事情åQˆå¦‚师资问题åQ‰å°šæœªå®Œå…¨å°±¾lªï¼Œæ•…于4月底ž®ÞqÈA后又开了一‹Æ¡å­¦åQˆä‹D没ä‹Dè¡ŒäÈA。”（http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a35803e0100emml.htmlåQ‰é»„先生的提议äØ“(f¨´)开学日问题探讨提供了又一思èµ\ã€?911òq?æœ?0日清华学堂暂行开学，有外、学两部的奏折和《吴宓日记》äØ“(f¨´)据，是èƒö以认定的åQŒä½†å‚加开学典½C¼çš„应该只是中等¿U‘学生ã€?o:p>

清华学堂的中½{‰ç§‘和高½{‰ç§‘åQŒæ•™å­¦ç›®æ ‡ä¸åŒã€‚据《清华学堂章½E‹â€”â€?911òq?月》，“高½{‰ç§‘注重专门教育åQŒä»¥¾ŸŽå›½å¤§å­¦å?qi¨¢ng)专门学堂äØ?f¨´)标准åQŒå…¶å­¦ç¨‹ä»¥å››òq´è®¡åQ›ä¸­½{‰ç§‘为高½{‰ç§‘之预备，其学½E‹ä»¥å››å¹´è®¡ã€‚”此批中½{‰ç§‘学生要读一òq´åˆ°å››å¹´æ‰èƒ½å‡å…¥é«˜ç­‰¿U‘，而高½{‰ç§‘学生的一部分当年ž®Þp¦èµ´ç¾Žå›½ç•™å­¦ï¼Œåªåœ¨æ¸…华学堂接受二三个月的短期培训。当æ—Óž¼Œé«˜ç­‰¿U‘学生绝大多数是1910òq?月第二次直接留美考试时录取的备选生åQŒè‹±è¯­çš„½E‹åº¦è¾ƒé«˜åQŒå¹´é¾„也较大。由于中½{‰ã€é«˜½{‰ä¸¤¿U‘çš„¿Uç§å·®å¼‚åQŒä¸¤¿U‘的开学äÈA式应是分别ä‹D行的ã€?o:p>

既然高等¿U‘很可能单独举行开学äÈA式，具体旉™—´æ˜¯å“ªä¸€å¤©å‘¢åQŸä»ŽåŽ†å²èµ„料分析åQŒåº”该是1911òq?æœ?日。最早记载这个日期的文章为清华学校校åŒÕd…¼ç”Ÿç‰©æ•™å‘˜R. A. Boltçš?span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">ã€?/span>THE TSING HUA COLLEGE ,PEKINGã€?/span>åQŒå‘表于1914òq?月号的ã€?/span>THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW》。摘录原文：(x¨¬)“After considerable delay and uncertainly Tsing Hua College was formally opened with Chinese ceremonies on April 1st 1911. The High School Department was begun with 128 students who had failed in their previous examinations to be selected to go the U. S. A. 307 younger were selected by the Provincial examiners,ostensibly upon competitive examination to enter the Middle School.â€?/span> 作äØ“(f¨´)清华学堂½W¬ä¸€æ‰¹ç¾Žå›½æ•™å‘˜ï¼ŒR. A. Bolt详细介绍了清华学校的创办åQŒè¯¾½E‹è®¾¾|®ï¼Œæ•™å¸ˆæƒ…况åQŒæ ¡å›­å¾½{‘ç­‰åQŒè¯¥æ–‡å¯¹ç ”究清华早期史很有参考ä­h(hu¨¢n)倹{€‚时隔不久，1914òq?月ã€?/span>THE TSING HUA ANNUAL》出版，内有1914òq´æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿå‘¨å¯é‚¦å†™çš„ã€?/span>The College Past and Present》一文，摘录原文åQ?/span>â€?The college was formally opened on April 1,1911,though many of the student had arrived in Peking early in February. The High School students were under the instruction of seventeen American teachersâ€? ladies and 8 men .The training and instruction of the middle school boys was managed by about 20 Chinese teachersâ€?/span>。这æ øP¼Œæ¸…华学校的美国教员和高等¿U‘学生都记述1911òq?æœ?æ—¥ä‹D行开学典½Cû|¼Œè€Œä¸”åQŒé‚£ä¸€å±Šé«˜½{‰ç§‘毕业生也一定有人参加了开学典½C¹{€?o:p>

1981òq´å°æ¹‘Ö‡ºç‰ˆçš„《学府纪闠Z”€â”€å›½ç«‹æ¸…华大学》一书的叙述是：(x¨¬)清华学堂“于四月一日正式开学，……开学äÈA式系于工字厅举行åQŒé¦–ä»ÀL•™åŠ¡é•¿ä¸ø™ƒ¡æ•¦å¤å…ˆç”Ÿã€‚开学后åQŒé«˜½{‰ç§‘学生食宿在工字厅åQŒä¸Šè¯‘Öˆ™åœ¨ä¸­½{‰ç§‘新徏之课堂”。但该书认äØ“(f¨´)“四月一日”是旧历日期åQŒå°±åœ¨æ‹¬å·ä¸­åŠ æ³¨äº†è¥¿åŽ†æ—¥æœŸï¼š(x¨¬)“四月二十九(ji¨¦)日”。实际上åQŒè¿™ä¸ªå››æœˆä¸€æ—¥å°±æ˜¯è¥¿åŽ†æ—¥æœŸã€‚如此认定，é™?/span>R. A. Bolt和周启邦的文章外åQ?911òq?æœ?日清华学堂的布告¿UŽÍ¼š(x¨¬)“学生应公ä‹D室长åQŒç ¥ç ø™‡ªæ²»ï¼Œå±¥è¡Œå ‚ç« åQŒçŽ°å¼€å­¦å·²å?qi¨¢ng)一月，亟应举行åQŒä»¥½W¦å‹æœ‹åˆ‡¼‚‹ä¹‹ä¹‰ï¼Œä»¥å‰¯è‡ªæ²»ä¹‹ç²¾¼œžï¼Œå®žæ‰€æ·±æœ›ã€‚”其中“已å?qi¨¢ng)一个月”表æ˜?月初ž®±å¼€å­¦äº†ã€‚据《吴宓日记》，4æœ?日（星期一åQ‰ä¸­½{‰ç§‘开始上课。高½{‰ç§‘开始上课时间比中等¿U‘稍˜qŸï¼Œä»Žã€Šå´å®“日记》可知，吴宓选修的物理课åQˆä¸Žé«˜ç­‰¿U‘学生同上）几天之后也开课了ã€?o:p>

从以上文字资料可以推断，1911òq?æœ?日高½{‰ç§‘在工字厅举行了开学典½C¹{€?o:p>