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鎶楁垬鑳滃埄鍚庯紝鍒氭瘯涓氫袱騫寸殑鍚磋壇闀涘簲姊佹€濇垚涔嬬害錛屽崗鍔╀粬鍒涘姙浜嗘竻鍗庡ぇ瀛﹀緩絳戠郴銆傚緩緋諱箣鍒濓紝姊佹€濇垚璧寸編璁插錛屽惔鑹暃鍜屾灄寰藉洜鎴愪負(fù)緋婚噷浠呮湁鐨勪袱鍚嶆暀鍛橈紝鑷錛屾彮寮€浜嗘柊涓浗寤虹瓚鏁欒偛鐨勬柊綃囩珷銆?948騫村澶╋紝姊佹€濇垚鎺ㄨ崘鍚磋壇闀涘埌緹庡浗鍖℃邯鑹烘湳瀛﹂櫌寤虹瓚涓庡煄甯傝璁$郴娣遍€犮€傚湪钁楀悕寤虹瓚甯堟矙閲屽畞鐨勬寚瀵間笅錛屽惔鑹暃寮€濮嬫帰绱腑瑗夸氦姹囥€佸彜浠婄粨鍚堢殑寤虹瓚鏂拌礬錛屽叾闂存浘鑾封€溾€樼綏椹閲戔€欏緩絳戠粯鐢婚洉濉戣璁$珵璧涒€濊崳瑾夊錛屽湪緹庡浗寤虹瓚鐣屽喘闇插ご瑙掋€?/span>
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1950騫村簳錛屾弧鎬€鎶ュ浗鐨勮丹瀛愪箣鎯咃紝鍚磋壇闀涘啿鐮撮樆鎸狅紝鍑犵粡鍛ㄦ姌錛屾瘏鐒朵粠緹庡浗緇曢亾鍥炲浗錛屾姇韜埌鏂頒腑鍥界殑寤鴻鍜屾暀鑲蹭簨涓氥€?/span>
鍥炲浗鍚庯紝鍚磋壇闀涗竴鐩村湪娓呭崕澶у浠繪暀錛屽巻浠葷郴鍓富浠匯€佺郴涓諱換絳夎亴銆?/span>
1951騫達(dá)紝鍚磋壇闀涗富鎸佹竻鍗庡ぇ瀛﹀緩宸ョ郴甯傞晣緇勭殑宸ヤ綔錛屽湪銆婁漢姘戞棩鎶ャ€嬪彂琛ㄦ枃绔犲懠鍚侀噸瑙嗗緩絳戞暀鑲詫紝寤鴻鈥滄洿鏈夋晥鍦版洿澶氬湴鍩瑰吇鍩烘湰寤鴻鐨勭敓鍔涘啗鈥濓紝鍏跺悗鍙堝嬈℃彁鍑烘墿澶у緩絳戜笓涓氥€佸緩絳戞暀鑲茬粨鍚堝疄璺電瓑寤鴻銆備箣鍚庯紝鍚磋壇闀涗笌涓浗鍐滀笟澶у姹強(qiáng)娓婃暀鎺堜竴閬撳垱鍔炰簡鎴戝浗絎竴涓洯鏋椾笓涓氥€?/span>
涓庡鐢熶害甯堜害鍙嬶紝鍊炬敞姣曠敓蹇冭鍋氭暀鑲?/span>
1952騫達(dá)紝涓浗楂樼瓑闄㈡牎璋冩暣錛屽師鍖椾含澶у宸ュ闄㈠緩絳戝伐紼嬬郴騫跺叆娓呭崕澶у錛屽緩絳戠郴瑙勬ā榪呴€熸墿澶с€傚惔鑹暃鎷呬換寤虹瓚緋誨壇涓諱換鏈熼棿錛屼富鎸佹棩甯告暀瀛﹁鏀跨鐞嗗伐浣滐紝浠庡浗鎯呭拰鏈笓涓氭暀瀛︾壒鐐瑰嚭鍙戯紝鍒跺畾浜嗗緩絳戠郴鐨勫叏鏂版暀瀛﹁鍒掋€?/span>
1956騫村惔鑹暃涓繪寔鍏ㄥ浗寤虹瓚瀛︿細(xì)璁紝鍒跺畾鈥滃叏鍥藉緩絳戝鍏卞悓鏁欏璁″垝鈥濓紝鍦ㄥ悓騫村彫寮€鐨勫叏鍥藉熀鏈緩璁句細(xì)璁笂錛屾彁鍑哄緩絳戞暀鑲蹭笌縐戠爺銆佸疄璺電浉緇撳悎鐨勫姙瀛︽€濇兂銆?/span>
1959騫村惔鑹暃鍒涘姙娓呭崕澶у寤虹瓚璁捐鐮旂┒闄€€?/span>
1960騫村惔鑹暃鍙備笌棰嗗鍏ㄥ浗寤虹瓚瀛︿笓涓氶€氱敤鏁欐潗鐨勭紪鍐欙紝騫朵富鎸佹挵鍐欍€婂煄涔¤鍒掋€嬫暀瀛︾敤涔︺€?/span>
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